Experiments

Page3

REMINDER: These are the items you need for these experiments:

• the 5x7 Display Project (fully built),
• a 6v battery,
• an interface cable (the components come with the kit)
• a computer.

• The first 6 experiments are on: ”Experiments Page1“.
• Experiments 7, 8, 9 are on: ”Experiments Page2“.

EXPERIMENT-10 START/STOP ACTION!

This experiment takes the program from experiment 9 and adds a button feature. Button A starts and stops the action. For this to be possible the button routine must be in a part of the program that is constantly being accessed. The routines are “Delay” for forward/back motion and “Scan” for up/down motion. A CALL routine must be placed in each routine to check the state of buttonA. The column LEDs will freeze but the row of LEDs will go out when the buttons is pressed because the rows are scanned to produce the effect of them being on at the same time.
Note the instructions to make button A (line RA2) an input.

Experiment-10 for “5x7 Display” Project
;PIC16F84 and only F84 chip
;“Button A” starts/stops action.

Start   ORG 0x00
        BSF 03,5      Go to page1 for setting-up the ports
        MOVLW 04h     Put 04 into W
        MOVWF 05h      to make RA2 input
        MOVLW 00h     Put 00 into W
        MOVWF 06h     to make all RB lines output
        BCF 03,5      Go to Page0 for programming
        GOTO Main

Back    BSF 05h,1
        BCF 05h,1     ;Reset 4017 and allow 4017 to clock
        MOVLW 00h
        MOVWF 06h     ;Turn off LEDs to prevent "streaking"
        MOVF 19h,0    ;Copy 19h into W
        MOVWF 18h     ;Copy W into file 18h
Back1   CALL Clock
        DECFSZ 18h,
        GOTO Back1
        MOVLW 7Fh
        MOVWF 06h     ;Turn on all 7 LEDs
        CALL Delay
        RETURN

ButtonA BTFSC 05,2
        RETURN        ;Button A  pushed
        GOTO ButtonA

Clock   BCF 05,0      ;Clock the 4017
        NOP
        BSF 05,0
        RETURN

Delay   MOVLW 03
        MOVWF 1Ah
Delay1  DECFSZ 1Bh,1
        GOTO Delay1
        DECFSZ 1Ch,1
        GOTO Delay1
        CALL ButtonA
        DECFSZ 1Ah,1
        GOTO Delay1
        RETURN

Scan    MOVLW 080h      ;Determines the number of scans before
        MOVWF 1Ch       ;incrementing routine
Scan1   BSF 05h,1       ;Reset 4017
        BCF 05h,1       ;allow 4017 to clock via clock line
        MOVLW 05h
        MOVWF 19h       ;File 19h counts the number of columns

Scan2   CALL Short
        BCF 05,0        ;Clock the 4017
        BSF 05,0
        DECFSZ 19h,1
        GOTO Scan2
        CALL ButtonA
        DECFSZ 1Ch,1
        GOTO Scan1
        RETURN

    ;Short Delay

Short   DECFSZ 1Bh,1
        GOTO Short
        RETURN

   ;Moves a colum of LEDs across the screen and back,
   ;then up and down the screen

Main    MOVLW 05
        MOVWF 19h         ;Put 5 in the Count file for 5 columns
        BSF 05h,1         ;Reset 4017
        BCF 05h,1         ;allow 4017 to clock via clock line
Main1   MOVLW 7F
        MOVWF 06h         ;Turn on 7 outputs for LEDs
        CALL Delay
        MOVLW 00          ;Turn off LEDs to prevent mirroring
        MOVWF 06h
        CALL Clock        ;Clock the 4017
        DECFSZ 19h,1      ;Decrement the count file
        GOTO Main1
        MOVLW 03h
        MOVWF 19h         ;3 shifts - yes 3 shifts!
Main2   CALL Back
        DECFSZ 19h,1
        GOTO Main2
        BSF 05h,1
        BCF 05h,1         ;Reset 4017
        CALL Delay        ;This illuminates the first row!
        MOVLW 01
        MOVWF 06h         ;Turn on first LED
        BCF 03h,0         ;clear the carry flag
Main3   CALL Scan
        RLF 06,1
        BTFSS 06,7        ;When 8th! output is HIGH, program repeats
        GOTO Main3
        MOVLW 20h
        MOVWF 06h
Main4   CALL Scan
        RRF 06,1
        BTFSS 06,0
        GOTO Main4
        CALL Scan         ;This illuminates bottom row!
        GOTO Main

  END

The block of numbers below is the HEX file for Experiment-10. Copy and paste it into a text program such as TEXTPAD or NOTEPAD and call it: Expt-10.hex

:10000000831604308500003086008312372885145B
:10001000851000308600190898001720980B0D28CD
:100020007F3086001B2008000519080014280510E1
:1000300000000514080003309A009B0B1D289C0B40
:100040001D2814209A0B1D28080080309C00851460
:10005000851005309900342005100514990B2B28C4
:1000600014209C0B272808009B0B3428080005301F
:100070009900851485107F3086001B200030860093
:100080001720990B3B28033099000720990B45282E
:10009000851485101B200130860003102520860D55
:1000A000861F4E28203086002520860C061C5428EA
:0400B00025203728A8
:00000001FF

EXPERIMENT-11 ELEVATOR DISPLAY

This experiment demonstrates the type of display in a lift. It’s a matrix of LEDs and the floor-numbers move up and down according to the movement of the lift. The input to our project is button A and B. Press button A and the display glides UP, such as from the ground floor to the first floor. Press button B and the display moves from the first floor to the Ground floor. The animation below shows the first three numbers of the display in action. The project contains the complete numbers G to 9 as shown in the table below. You can also introduce T for Terrace, M for Mezzanine, C for Car park, B for basement etc. The numbers are held in a table with 9 at the top and G at the bottom. In the program a pointer will “slice off” one row of a number and add it to the top or bottom of the “Ghost area” after the data in this area has been shifted one place up or down. This Ghost area then gets copied onto the Video Screen and the effect is the number has risen or fallen one pixel.
This two-step jump from the table to the Ghost area to the Screen may sound complex but it makes fairly easy programming.
We have already produced the routine for taking the data from the Ghost ara and displaying it on the Screen, in the Testing pages, Page2. All we have to do is create a routine to take the information from the table and place it onto the Ghost area.
The program will start by displaying “G” and the UP button (button B) will cause the screen to slide from G to 1.
The digits do not have to be put in a table in descending order. We have done this to make it easier to understand how the program works.

The most complex part of the routine is keeping track of the numbers on the display. The fact that we have an up button and a down button adds to the complexity because the numbers are fed into the top of the display for the UP button and into the bottom of the display for the down button. We have provided a very clever method of keeping track of the positions. File 17h keeps track for button A and file 19h keeps track for button B. They are kept 8 units apart at the beginning of the program and kept apart throughout the program by incrementing and decrementing both at the same time.

Experiment-11 for “5x7 Display” Project
;PIC16F84 and only F84 chip
;ELEVATOR DISPLAY

 Start    ORG 0x00
          BSF 03,5    ;Go to page1 for setting-up the ports
          MOVLW 0Ch   ;Put 0C into W
          MOVWF 05h   ; to make RA2 & RA3 input
          MOVLW 00h   ;Put 00 into W
          MOVWF 06h   ;to make all RB lines output
          BCF 03,5    ;Go to Page0 for programming
          GOTO Main

Table1    ADDWF 02h,1  ;Add W to Program Counter
          RETLW 00h
          RETLW 0Eh     ;9
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 0Fh
          RETLW 01h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 00h     ;8
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 00h
          RETLW 1Fh     ;7
          RETLW 01h
          RETLW 02h
          RETLW 04h
          RETLW 08h
          RETLW 08h
          RETLW 08h
          RETLW 00h     ;6
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 10h
          RETLW 1Eh
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 00h     ;5
          RETLW 1Fh
          RETLW 10h
          RETLW 10h
          RETLW 1Eh
          RETLW 01h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 00h     ;4
          RETLW 02h
          RETLW 06h
          RETLW 0Ah
          RETLW 12h
          RETLW 1Fh
          RETLW 02h
          RETLW 02h
          RETLW 00h     ;3
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 01h
          RETLW 06h
          RETLW 01h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 00h     ;2
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 01h
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 10h
          RETLW 10h
          RETLW 1Fh
          RETLW 00h     ;1
          RETLW 04h
          RETLW 0Ch
          RETLW 14h
          RETLW 04h
          RETLW 04h
          RETLW 04h
          RETLW 04h
          RETLW 00h     ;G
          RETLW 0Eh
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 10h
          RETLW 17h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 11h
          RETLW 00h
          RETLW 00h


   ;Ghost routine transfers data from the
   ; Ghost files to the Video Screen
   ; and scans the Video Screen ONCE

Ghost     BSF 05,1      ;Reset 4017
          NOP
          BCF 05,1
          MOVF 11h,0    ;Move the data from the
          MOVWF 06h     ; Ghost files to
          CALL DelA     ;the output port
          MOVF 12h,0    ;and call a Delay so the
          MOVWF 06h     ;LED can be illuminated
          CALL DelA
          MOVF 13h,0
          MOVWF 06h
          CALL DelA
          MOVF 14h,0
          MOVWF 06h
          CALL DelA
          MOVF 15h,0
          MOVWF 06h
          CALL DelA
          RETURN

DelA      DECFSZ 1Bh,1
          GOTO DelA
          MOVLW 00h
          MOVWF 06

Clk       BCF 05,0      ;Clock the 4017 to the
          NOP           ;next output
          BSF 05,0
          RETURN



   ;FillTop moves the 5 Ghost locations down one bit
   ; and fills the top row with new data.
   ;File 16h contains the new data for the 5 locations

FillTop   RRF 11h,1     ;Move each bit down the file
          RRF 12h,1     ; to make room at the top
          RRF 13h,1
          RRF 14h,1
          RRf 15h,1
          BCF 11h,6     ;Clear bit 6 in each file = 7th row of LEDs
          BCF 12h,6     ; on the Video Screen.
          BCF 13h,6
          BCF 14h,6
          BCF 15h,6
          BTFSS 16h,4   ;See if bit4 (the 5th bit) is 0 or 1
          GOTO L        ;If it's 0, go to the next test
          BSF 11h,6     ;If it's 1, set bit 6 of the Ghost file
L         BTFSS 16h,3
          GOTO M
          BSF 12h,6
M         BTFSS 16h,2   ;File 16h was generated by adding the value of
          GOTO N        ;of each pixel in the row of each number
          BSF 13h,6     ;see Table1 and diagram 1 for details.
N         BTFSS 16h,1
          GOTO O
          BSF 14h,6
O         BTFSS 16h,0
          RETURN
          BSF 15h,6
          RETURN

FilBott   RLF 11h,1     ;Same principle as above, but this time
          RLF 12h,1     ;the bits in the file are moved up to
          RLF 13h,1     ;leave a gap at the bottom.
          RLF 14h,1
          RLF 15h,1
          BCF 11h,0     ;Clear the lowest bit of each Ghost file
          BCF 12h,0
          BCF 13h,0
          BCF 14h,0
          BCF 15h,0
          BTFSS 16h,4
          GOTO P
          BSF 11h,0
P         BTFSS 16h,3
          GOTO Q
          BSF 12h,0
Q         BTFSS 16h,2
          GOTO R
          BSF 13h,0
R         BTFSS 16h,1
          GOTO S
          BSF 14h,0
S         BTFSS 16h,0
          RETURN
          BSF 15h,0
          RETURN



   ;FilGho fills the Ghost area with 7 rows of "G" data
   ;from Table1


FilGho    MOVLW 08
          MOVWF 1A    ;1A is count file for 7 cycles of "FilGho"
          MOVLW 58h
          MOVWF 19h   ;File19h is button B pointer for Table1
          MOVLW 50h   ;Jump down table1 50h locations
          MOVWF 17h   ;file17h is button A pointer for Table1
FilGho1   CALL Table1
          MOVWF 16h
          CALL FillTop
          DECF 17h,1   ;File 17h is the table pointer for button A
          DECF 19h,1   ;File 19h is the table pointer for button B
          MOVF 17h,0  ;Put pointer into W
          DECFSZ 1A,1
          GOTO FilGho1
          RETURN



   ;MAIN ROUTINE

Main      CALL FilGho   ;Put "G" on screen
          CALL Ghost    ;Display whatever is in Ghost files
          BTFSC 05h,2   ;Test for button A
          GOTO Main2    ;Pushed
          GOTO Main

Main2     MOVLW 08
          MOVWF 1A
Main3     MOVLW 20h
          MOVWF 18h     ;File 18h holds number of scans before adding next
    row
Main4     CALL Ghost
          DECFSZ 18h,1
          GOTO Main4
          MOVF 17h,0   ;Put table1 pointer into W
          CALL Table1
          MOVWF 16h
          CALL FillTop
          DECF 17h,1
          DECF 19h,1   ;19h is pointer for button B
          DECFSZ 1A,1
          GOTO Main3
Main5     CALL Ghost   ;Display whatever is in Ghost files
          BTFSC 05h,2  ;Test for button A
          GOTO MainA   ;Button A Pushed
          BTFSC 05h,3  ;Test for Button B
          GOTO MainB   ;Button B pushed
          GOTO Main5

MainA     MOVF 17h,0   ;Copy 17h into W
          XORLW 00h
          BTFSC 03,2   ;Button A not to work. On floor 9!
          GOTO Main5
          GOTO Main2
MainB     MOVF 19h,0   ;Copy 19h into W
          XORLW 50h
          BTFSC 03,2   ;Button B not to work. On G floor!
          GOTO Main5
Main6     MOVLW 08
          MOVWF 1Ah
Main7     MOVLW 20h
          MOVWF 18h   ;File 18h holds the number of scans before
      adding next row
Main8     CALL Ghost
          DECFSZ 18h,1
          GOTO Main8
          MOVF 19h,0  ;Put table1 pointer into W
          CALL Table1
          MOVWF 16h
          CALL FilBott
          INCF 17h,1
          INCF 19h,1   ;19h is pointer for button B
          DECFSZ 1A,1
          GOTO Main7
          GOTO Main5

   END

The block of numbers below is the HEX file for Experiment-11. Copy and paste it into a text program such as TEXTPAD or NOTEPAD and call it: Expt-11.hex

:1000000083160C308500003086008312B8288207E2
:1000100000340E34113411340F34013411340E34E1
:1000200000340E34113411340E34113411340E34C2
:1000300000341F34013402340434083408340834E2
:1000400000340E34113410341E34113411340E3493
:1000500000341F34103410341E34013411340E3483
:100060000034023406340A3412341F3402340234A9
:1000700000340E34113401340634013411340E349A
:1000800000340E34113401340E34103410341F3463
:10009000003404340C34143404340434043404348C
:1000A00000340E34113410341734113411340E343A
:1000B00000340034851400008510110886006D207E
:1000C000120886006D20130886006D201408860033
:1000D0006D20150886006D2008009B0B6D280030F0
:1000E00086000510000005140800910C920C930C7A
:1000F000940C950C11131213131314131513161ECD
:1001000082281117961D85281217161D8828131787
:10011000961C8B281417161C080015170800910D43
:10012000920D930D940D950D1110121013101410C3
:100130001510161E9C281114961D9F281214161DAA
:10014000A2281314961CA5281414161C08001514B4
:10015000080008309A005830990050309700072066
:10016000960075209703990317089A0BAF2808008B
:10017000A9205A20051DBD28B82808309A00203033
:1001800098005A20980BC128170807209600752060
:10019000970399039A0BBF285A20051DD228851D65
:1001A000D728CC281708003A0319CC28BD281908ED
:1001B000503A0319CC2808309A00203098005A2071
:1001C000980BDF281908072096008F20970A990AB4
:0601D0009A0BDD28CC288B
:00000001FF

Go to the next page of experiments: 5x7 EXPERIMENTS: Page-4